10年(nian)數控車床(chuang)(chuang)老(lao)師傅分享的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)技(ji)巧(qiao)與心得(de)：時間如逝，一(yi)轉眼操(cao)作(zuo)沈陽數控機床(chuang)(chuang)已有十年(nian)，十年(nian)的(de)摸爬滾打讓我積累了(le)數控車床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)一(yi)些加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)巧(qiao)與心得(de)，與各(ge)位同仁(ren)交流。因(yin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零件(jian)(jian)的(de)更(geng)換頻(pin)繁及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)受(shou)限，十年(nian)來我們都是自己(ji)編程(cheng)(cheng)，自己(ji)對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)，自己(ji)調(diao)(diao)試及(ji)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)零件(jian)(jian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，總結(jie)起來操(cao)作(zuo)技(ji)巧(qiao)分為以(yi)下(xia)幾點：零件(jian)(jian)在編完(wan)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)，對(dui)好刀(dao)(dao)后(hou)需要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)試切調(diao)(diao)試，為了(le)防(fang)止程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)上出(chu)現錯誤(wu)和(he)對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)的(de)失誤(wu)，造成(cheng)(cheng)撞機事故，我們應該先(xian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)空(kong)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)模擬加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，廠家在機床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)座標系里面對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)向右(you)整(zheng)體平(ping)移零件(jian)(jian)總長的(de)2——3倍(bei)；然后(hou)開(kai)(kai)始模擬加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，模擬加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)后(hou)確認(ren)(ren)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)及(ji)對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)無誤(wu)，再(zai)開(kai)(kai)始對(dui)零件(jian)(jian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，首件(jian)(jian)零件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)，先(xian)自檢(jian)，確認(ren)(ren)合格，再(zai)找專職檢(jian)驗檢(jian)查，專職檢(jian)驗確認(ren)(ren)合格后(hou)這才表(biao)示(shi)調(diao)(diao)試結(jie)束。成(cheng)(cheng)零件(jian)(jian)在首件(jian)(jian)試切完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)，就要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)批生產，但首件(jian)(jian)的(de)合格并不 等于整(zheng)批零件(jian)(jian)就會合格，因(yin)為在加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中，因(yin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)料(liao)的(de)不同會使刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)產生

廠家橫梁(liang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)時傾斜度差(cha)錯(cuo)的(de)檢查(cha)辦(ban)(ban)法，在(zai)橫梁(liang)導(dao)軌的(de)基地(di)方(fang)(fang)位，平行(xing)(xing)(xing)于橫梁(liang)放(fang)置一個水(shui)平儀。移(yi)動(dong)(dong)橫梁(liang)，每隔500mm（或(huo)小于500mm）記載一次讀數(shu)(shu)，在(zai)橫梁(liang)悉數(shu)(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)上至少記載3個讀數(shu)(shu)。在(zai)橫梁(liang)悉數(shu)(shu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)上檢查(cha)時，兩筆直刀架（或(huo)銑(xian)頭）應(ying)移(yi)到橫梁(liang)上相對稱的(de)方(fang)(fang)位。而橫梁(liang)的(de)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)向，只能(neng)由下往上，這種辦(ban)(ban)法多用于龍門(men)刨床(chuang)(chuang)、龍門(men)銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)、立式車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)自動(dong)(dong)化車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)等橫梁(liang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)時的(de)傾斜度差(cha)錯(cuo)的(de)檢查(cha)。

檢查(cha)外圓磨床機(ji)床作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺(tai)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)在筆直(zhi)平面內的(de)直(zhi)線度(du)差錯(cuo)。在作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺(tai)基地(di)放(fang)(fang)一(yi)個隨機(ji)床附帶的(de)橋板(ban)(ban)(ban)，或(huo)克己的(de)專(zhuan)用橋板(ban)(ban)(ban)（只用于斜(xie)臺(tai)面，平臺(tai)面不需用橋板(ban)(ban)(ban)）。在橋板(ban)(ban)(ban)基地(di)與作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺(tai)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)方(fang)(fang)向平行放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)一(yi)個水(shui)平儀。移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺(tai)，每(mei)隔(ge)250mm記(ji)載一(yi)次讀數（短床身(shen)在較(jiao)大(da)磨削長度(du)的(de)兩頭(tou)和基地(di)三(san)個方(fang)(fang)位(wei)檢查(cha)），將水(shui)平儀讀數順次擺放(fang)(fang)，畫出作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺(tai)的(de)運動(dong)(dong)曲線。天津市在1000mm長度(du)上(shang)的(de)運動(dong)(dong)曲線至兩頭(tou)點連線間的(de)較(jiao)大(da)坐標值，即是(shi)1000mm長度(du)上(shang)的(de)直(zhi)線度(du)差錯(cuo)。

沈陽機床(chuang)起動(dong)前(qian)準(zhun)備(bei) 1、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)必(bi)須夾牢(lao)在(zai)夾具或工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺上，夾裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的壓(ya)板不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)長(chang)出(chu)(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺，在(zai)機床(chuang)大(da)行(xing)程(cheng)內(nei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)站(zhan)人(ren)。刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)伸出(chu)(chu)過長(chang)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)裝(zhuang)夾牢(lao)靠(kao)。2、校正(zheng)(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)時，嚴(yan)禁(jin)(jin)用(yong)(yong)金屬物(wu)猛敲或用(yong)(yong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架(jia)推頂工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。3、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)寬度超出(chu)(chu)單臂(bei)刨(bao)床(chuang)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)寬度時，其重(zhong)心對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺重(zhong)心的偏移量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)大(da)于(yu)(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺寬度的四分(fen)之一(yi)。 4、調整沖程(cheng)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)使刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具不(bu)(bu)(bu)接觸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，用(yong)(yong)手柄搖動(dong)進行(xing)全行(xing)程(cheng)試驗，滑枕調整后應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)鎖緊并隨時取下(xia)(xia)搖手柄，以免落(luo)下(xia)(xia)傷(shang)人(ren)。5、龍(long)(long)門(men)(men)(men)刨(bao)床(chuang)的床(chuang)面或工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)伸出(chu)(chu)過長(chang)時，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)設防護(hu)欄(lan)(lan)桿，在(zai)欄(lan)(lan)桿內(nei)禁(jin)(jin)止通(tong)過行(xing)人(ren)或堆碼物(wu)品(pin)。6、龍(long)(long)門(men)(men)(men)刨(bao)床(chuang)在(zai)刨(bao)削大(da)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)前(qian)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)先檢查(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)與(yu)龍(long)(long)門(men)(men)(men)柱、刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架(jia)間的預留空隙，并檢查(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)高度限位(wei)器安(an)裝(zhuang)是否正(zheng)(zheng)確牢(lao)固。7、龍(long)(long)門(men)(men)(men)刨(bao)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺面和(he)床(chuang)面及(ji)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)架(jia)上禁(jin)(jin)止站(zhan)人(ren)、存放工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具和(he)其它物(wu)品(pin)。操作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)跨越(yue)臺面。8、作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)牛(niu)頭刨(bao)床(chuang)手柄上的力，在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺水平移動(dong)時，不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)超過8kg，上下(xia)(xia)移動(dong)時，不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)超過10kg。9、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)裝(zhuang)卸、翻身時應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)注意(yi)銳邊、毛(mao)刺割手。

天津，沈陽機床(chuang)龍門(men)刨床(chuang)、龍門(men)銑(xian)床(chuang)、臥(wo)(wo)式銑(xian)鏜床(chuang)等(deng)沈陽機床(chuang)作(zuo)(zuo)業臺行(xing)程(cheng)大于(yu)2000mm，進口(kou)臥(wo)(wo)式車(che)床(chuang)、絲(si)杠車(che)床(chuang)等(deng)溜板行(xing)程(cheng)大于(yu)3000mm時，因為2000mm以上(shang)(shang)的(de)平(ping)(ping)尺(chi)易于(yu)變形，并且2000mm以上(shang)(shang)的(de)查驗棒在制(zhi)造上(shang)(shang)也有許多艱難(nan)，故應選用鋼絲(si)和顯微鏡等(deng)工具進行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)查。其檢(jian)(jian)查辦(ban)法(fa)與導(dao)軌直線(xian)度差(cha)錯的(de)檢(jian)(jian)查辦(ban)法(fa)一樣，可參見拉鋼絲(si)檢(jian)(jian)查導(dao)軌在水平(ping)(ping)面內直線(xian)度差(cha)錯的(de)檢(jian)(jian)查辦(ban)法(fa)。有條件(jian)時亦可使(shi)用光學平(ping)(ping)直儀(yi)(yi)檢(jian)(jian)查，將光學平(ping)(ping)直儀(yi)(yi)置于(yu)機床(chuang)一端，反射(she)鏡置于(yu)溜板或作(zuo)(zuo)業臺面上(shang)(shang)，在行(xing)程(cheng)的(de)兩個(ge)極限方(fang)位，調整平(ping)(ping)直儀(yi)(yi)及反射(she)鏡，使(shi)平(ping)(ping)行(xing)光管的(de)亮十字像同可動分劃板的(de)準(zhun)線(xian)重合。作(zuo)(zuo)業臺每移動500mm，讀(du)數(shu)(shu)一次并作(zuo)(zuo)好記載，將讀(du)數(shu)(shu)順次擺放畫(hua)出作(zuo)(zuo)業臺的(de)運動曲線(xian)，再核算1000mm長度上(shang)(shang)和行(xing)程(cheng)全長上(shang)(shang)的(de)差(cha)錯值。

對于(yu)縱切機床電(dian)力系統的(de)(de)維(wei)護，廠(chang)家(jia)首先(xian)要做的(de)(de)就是使得數控加工中(zhong)心的(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)規程(cheng)正確的(de)(de)執行(xing)下去，對于(yu)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)要經過專業(ye)的(de)(de)訓(xun)練，保證(zheng)這(zhe)些(xie)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)在日常(chang)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產中(zhong)嚴格按照操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)規程(cheng)來進行(xing)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，同時提高操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)水平也(ye)能(neng)較大(da)程(cheng)度上(shang)減少故障的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。在操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)訓(xun)練中(zhong)，還要講(jiang)到發(fa)生(sheng)故障時的(de)(de)情況，告知操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人員(yuan)遇(yu)到這(zhe)種情況不要慌張，可以馬上(shang)去找設備維(wei)修人員(yuan)來排除故障。