為了(le)使得(de)自動化車床數控加工(gong)中心(xin)設備(bei)得(de)到更好的(de)保(bao)養(yang)(yang),除(chu)了(le)要(yao)有(you)一套保(bao)養(yang)(yang)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)以(yi)外(wai),還應制(zhi)(zhi)定一套合理有(you)效的(de)操(cao)作過程,將(jiang)設備(bei)保(bao)養(yang)(yang)做得(de)更為規(gui)(gui)范(fan)。同時工(gong)廠還要(yao)要(yao)求每個操(cao)作工(gong)人(ren)熟知操(cao)作規(gui)(gui)范(fan),并(bing)把它作為操(cao)作行為準則,如加工(gong)中心(xin)一些設備(bei)的(de)開關(guan)順序等,除(chu)此之外(wai)廠家還有(you)設備(bei)的(de)潤(run)滑、保(bao)養(yang)(yang)及(ji)交(jiao)換(huan)班制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)等,這些內(nei)容都需要(yao)做出明確(que)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定。
用(yong)(yong)精(jing)細水平(ping)(ping)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)比(bi)照檢查(cha)反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)分(fen)度(du)差錯雖不及用(yong)(yong)經(jing)緯儀丈(zhang)量準確,數控車床卻(que)比(bi)用(yong)(yong)經(jing)緯儀便利,操作(zuo)(zuo)簡略,功(gong)率較高。其辦法:將精(jing)細轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)置于平(ping)(ping)板(ban)上或(huo)機床作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上,用(yong)(yong)水平(ping)(ping)儀檢查(cha),使(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)處于水平(ping)(ping)狀況。將被檢的(de)反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)疊放在(zai)精(jing)細轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上,用(yong)(yong)千分(fen)表找(zhao)正(zheng)兩(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)面的(de)彼此平(ping)(ping)行(xing)度(du)(不平(ping)(ping)行(xing)時用(yong)(yong)墊塊墊平(ping)(ping)),并(bing)使(shi)兩(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)定位孔反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)基地線(xian)重合,用(yong)(yong)螺(luo)釘固定兩(liang)個轉(zhuan)(zhuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)連成一體銷售。
廠家橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)移動時傾斜度(du)差錯的檢查(cha)辦法,在橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)導軌的基(ji)地方(fang)位,平(ping)行于橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)放置(zhi)一(yi)個(ge)水平(ping)儀(yi)。移動橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang),每隔(ge)500mm(或(huo)小(xiao)于500mm)記載一(yi)次(ci)讀數(shu),在橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)悉(xi)數(shu)行程(cheng)上至少記載3個(ge)讀數(shu)。在橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)悉(xi)數(shu)行程(cheng)上檢查(cha)時,兩筆直刀架(或(huo)銑頭)應移到橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上相對稱的方(fang)位。而橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)的移動方(fang)向(xiang),只(zhi)能由下往上,這(zhe)種(zhong)辦法多(duo)用于龍(long)門刨床(chuang)、龍(long)門銑床(chuang)、立式車床(chuang)自動化車床(chuang)等橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)移動時的傾斜度(du)差錯的檢查(cha)。
進口(kou)車床數控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)應注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)日常(chang)保養維護(hu)措施,先要做(zuo)的(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)進口(kou)數控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)所(suo)(suo)處的(de)(de)地(di)理環(huan)(huan)境的(de)(de)保護(hu),為了延長加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)部分零(ling)件的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命,減弱零(ling)件的(de)(de)磨損率,一般的(de)(de)數控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)要求避免陽光照(zhao)射(she),或者避免其他的(de)(de)熱輻射(she)等(deng),所(suo)(suo)以在(zai)建廠時就(jiu)要注(zhu)意(yi)到(dao)這一方面(mian),同時還要做(zuo)到(dao)地(di)理環(huan)(huan)境較(jiao)為干(gan)燥,粉(fen)塵(chen)及腐蝕性氣體等(deng)較(jiao)少(shao),而且由于(yu)數控(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)零(ling)件要求的(de)(de)精(jing)度比較(jiao)高,所(suo)(suo)以地(di)理位置(zhi)應處在(zai)震動(dong)小的(de)(de)設備附近(jin)。
坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)車床(chuang)鏜床(chuang)的定(ding)位精(jing)度(du)需求是(shi)比(bi)較高的,所(suo)以要檢查作(zuo)業(ye)臺(tai)或(huo)主軸(zhou)箱在(zai)(zai)移(yi)(yi)動坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)定(ding)位后(hou)的定(ding)位差(cha)錯(cuo)。 國產各式坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)鏜床(chuang)的定(ding)位體(ti)(ti)系(xi)有光學體(ti)(ti)系(xi)和機械體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(即絲(si)杠和校(xiao)對尺(chi)(chi))。選用的定(ding)位體(ti)(ti)系(xi)雖(sui)不一(yi)(yi)樣,但定(ding)位差(cha)錯(cuo)的丈量(liang)辦法(fa)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣的。在(zai)(zai)機床(chuang)臺(tai)上,沿縱向(xiang)移(yi)(yi)動方向(xiang)放置一(yi)(yi)個精(jing)細的刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)尺(chi)(chi)(刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)尺(chi)(chi)的刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)精(jing)度(du)應帶差(cha)錯(cuo)檢定(ding)表,檢定(ding)精(jing)度(du)在(zai)(zai)0.0005mm以內),刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)尺(chi)(chi)放在(zai)(zai)作(zuo)業(ye)臺(tai)的基地(di),高度(du)應在(zai)(zai)作(zuo)業(ye)臺(tai)面(mian)至筆直主軸(zhou)端面(mian)較大間(jian)隔(ge)的l/3~l/2處。將讀(du)數(shu)顯微鏡(jing)(其讀(du)數(shu)精(jing)度(du)為0.001~0.002mm)固定(ding)在(zai)(zai)主軸(zhou)套筒上,使(shi)顯微鏡(jing)能(neng)明晰(xi)地(di)觀(guan)察到(dao)刻(ke)(ke)線(xian)尺(chi)(chi)上的刻(ke)(ke)線(xian),對作(zuo)業(ye)臺(tai)在(zai)(zai)規則(ze)(ze)長(chang)度(du)上的移(yi)(yi)動進行檢查(通(tong)常規則(ze)(ze)每移(yi)(yi)動l0mm讀(du)數(shu)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci))。在(zai)(zai)讀(du)數(shu)時(shi),廠家作(zuo)業(ye)臺(tai)應夾緊。定(ding)位差(cha)錯(cuo)是(shi)恣意兩次(ci)(ci)定(ding)位時(shi)讀(du)數(shu)的實踐差(cha)值的大代數(shu)差(cha)。