近(jin)來(lai)，在第十四屆我國(guo)國(guo)際機(ji)床展新聞(wen)發布會上，我國(guo)機(ji)床東西(xi)協會負責人直言(yan)，2014年(nian)(nian)機(ji)床東西(xi)職業(ye)承壓(ya)運(yun)轉，下行壓(ya)力進一步加(jia)大，上一年(nian)(nian)是十幾年(nian)(nian)來(lai)職業(ye)最難熬的(de)低谷。數(shu)據顯現，僅2014年(nian)(nian)12月，全職業(ye)虧損公司占比31.9%，其間，金(jin)切機(ji)床更(geng)是高達42.7%。機(ji)床職業(ye)結(jie)構水平低，“高端(duan)失守，低端(duan)混戰(zhan)”，機(ji)床銷售是形成公司虧損的(de)首要原因。

10年數(shu)控車床(chuang)老師(shi)傅分享的(de)操(cao)作技巧(qiao)(qiao)與心(xin)得(de)：時間(jian)如逝，一轉眼操(cao)作沈(shen)陽數(shu)控機床(chuang)已有十年，十年的(de)摸(mo)爬滾打(da)讓我積累了(le)數(shu)控車床(chuang)的(de)一些加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技巧(qiao)(qiao)與心(xin)得(de)，與各位同仁(ren)交流。因(yin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)更換(huan)頻繁及工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠(chang)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)受限，十年來我們都是自(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)編程(cheng)(cheng)，自(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)刀，自(zi)(zi)己(ji)(ji)調(diao)(diao)試及完成(cheng)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，總結(jie)起來操(cao)作技巧(qiao)(qiao)分為以下幾(ji)點：零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在編完程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)，對(dui)(dui)好(hao)刀后(hou)(hou)需(xu)要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)試切(qie)調(diao)(diao)試，為了(le)防止程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)上出(chu)現錯誤和對(dui)(dui)刀的(de)失誤，造成(cheng)撞機事故(gu)，我們應(ying)該先進行(xing)(xing)空(kong)行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)模擬加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，廠(chang)家在機床(chuang)的(de)座標系里面(mian)對(dui)(dui)刀具向右(you)整(zheng)體平移零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)總長的(de)2——3倍(bei)；然(ran)后(hou)(hou)開(kai)始模擬加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，模擬加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)以后(hou)(hou)確認程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)及對(dui)(dui)刀無誤，再開(kai)始對(dui)(dui)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)進行(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，首(shou)(shou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)后(hou)(hou)，先自(zi)(zi)檢，確認合(he)格(ge)(ge)，再找(zhao)專(zhuan)職檢驗檢查，專(zhuan)職檢驗確認合(he)格(ge)(ge)后(hou)(hou)這才表(biao)示調(diao)(diao)試結(jie)束(shu)。成(cheng)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)在首(shou)(shou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試切(qie)完成(cheng)后(hou)(hou)，就(jiu)要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)成(cheng)批生產，但首(shou)(shou)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)合(he)格(ge)(ge)并不 等于(yu)整(zheng)批零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)就(jiu)會合(he)格(ge)(ge)，因(yin)為在加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，因(yin)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材料的(de)不同會使(shi)刀具產生

為了使得自動化車床數控加工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心設(she)備(bei)得到(dao)更好的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)養，除(chu)了要(yao)有一套保(bao)(bao)養制度(du)以外，還應制定(ding)一套合理有效的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)過程，將設(she)備(bei)保(bao)(bao)養做得更為規范。同(tong)時(shi)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)還要(yao)要(yao)求每個操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)熟知操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)規范，并(bing)把它作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)行為準(zhun)則，如加工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心一些(xie)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)開關順序等，除(chu)此(ci)之外廠(chang)(chang)家還有設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)潤滑、保(bao)(bao)養及交換班制度(du)等，這些(xie)內容都需要(yao)做出明確(que)的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)。

廠家(jia)數控(kong)車床(chuang)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)即為(wei)“試切—測量—調整”的(de)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)模式，主要應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)單(dan)件小批量零件的(de)生產中，且操作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)法(fa)簡單(dan)，對(dui)(dui)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)精(jing)度要求較低；對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)儀對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)批量生產過程中，對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)效率高，精(jing)度高，主要應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)標準及高檔數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)中；ATC對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)由于(yu)(yu)操縱對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)鏡以及對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)過程還是(shi)(shi)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)操作(zuo)(zuo)，故仍(reng)有一定的(de)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)誤差；自動(dong)(dong)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)由于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)CNC系(xi)統中具(ju)備了(le)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)自動(dong)(dong)檢測的(de)輔助功(gong)能，因此對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)精(jing)度高，一般用(yong)于(yu)(yu)高檔數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)中。

檢查外圓磨(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)機床(chuang)(chuang)作(zuo)業(ye)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)在筆直(zhi)平(ping)(ping)面內的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)線度(du)(du)(du)(du)差錯。在作(zuo)業(ye)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基地放一個隨機床(chuang)(chuang)附帶的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)板(ban)，或克己的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)橋(qiao)(qiao)板(ban)（只用(yong)于斜(xie)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面，平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面不需用(yong)橋(qiao)(qiao)板(ban)）。在橋(qiao)(qiao)板(ban)基地與作(zuo)業(ye)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向平(ping)(ping)行放置一個水平(ping)(ping)儀。移(yi)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)業(ye)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)，每(mei)隔250mm記載一次讀(du)數（短床(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)在較(jiao)大磨(mo)削長度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)兩頭和基地三個方(fang)位檢查），將水平(ping)(ping)儀讀(du)數順次擺放，畫出(chu)作(zuo)業(ye)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong)曲線。天津(jin)市在1000mm長度(du)(du)(du)(du)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong)曲線至兩頭點連線間的(de)(de)(de)較(jiao)大坐標值，即是1000mm長度(du)(du)(du)(du)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)線度(du)(du)(du)(du)差錯。