縱切機(ji)床(chuang)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理對(dui)(dui)于(yu)沈陽數(shu)控機(ji)床(chuang)而(er)言，零件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)之前最關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個操(cao)作(zuo)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)證刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)與工(gong)件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)位(wei)置的(de)(de)(de)正確性，即(ji)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)操(cao)作(zuo)。對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)確定對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)點(或工(gong)件(jian)原(yuan)點)在機(ji)床(chuang)坐標系中的(de)(de)(de)坐標值(zhi)。而(er)對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)過程(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將刀(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)點與對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)點重合，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個定位(wei)基準點，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)車刀(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)言，一(yi)般就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)尖(jian)；對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)點往往就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)原(yuan)點，只要在機(ji)床(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)允許范圍內，都可以進行選取。

編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)概念，編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系(xi)(xi)是為(wei)(wei)了編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)需要在(zai)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)圖紙上所建(jian)立(li)起來的(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系(xi)(xi)，它(ta)的(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為(wei)(wei)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，它(ta)是用來計算編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)尺寸基點(dian)(dian)(dian)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標的(de)基準(zhun)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)選擇要根據零(ling)件(jian)(jian)圖上的(de)尺寸，位置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)設計基準(zhun)來選擇，一(yi)般盡可(ke)能要讓編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)設計基準(zhun)重合。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)是在(zai)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)了讓機床(chuang)和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)之(zhi)間(jian)建(jian)立(li)起正確(que)的(de)相(xiang)對加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位置(zhi)(zhi)，從(cong)而保證加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)軌跡(ji)的(de)正確(que)性，而在(zai)機床(chuang)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)范(fan)圍內所建(jian)立(li)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系(xi)(xi)，它(ta)的(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)選擇是在(zai)機床(chuang)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)范(fan)圍內進(jin)行(xing)(xing)選取(qu)，可(ke)以在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)上，夾(jia)具(ju)上或靠近工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)和(he)夾(jia)具(ju)的(de)某一(yi)位置(zhi)(zhi)。數控車床(chuang)廠家零(ling)件(jian)(jian)被定位和(he)裝夾(jia)在(zai)機床(chuang)上之(zhi)后，相(xiang)應的(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)機床(chuang)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)的(de)位置(zhi)(zhi)應與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)原(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)重合。因此需要通(tong)過對刀的(de)手段建(jian)立(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系(xi)(xi)即為(wei)(wei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系(xi)(xi)，之(zhi)后通(tong)過調用并執行(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序中(zhong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系(xi)(xi)建(jian)立(li)指(zhi)令，比如零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)偏置(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)令，建(jian)立(li)局部坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系(xi)(xi)指(zhi)令等，從(cong)而保證零(ling)件(jian)(jian)的(de)正確(que)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

通常數控機(ji)床(chuang)反(fan)轉作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺是銑床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)附件，分(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)精度(du)(du)較低，故可選用八方檢(jian)(jian)具進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)查。八方檢(jian)(jian)具的(de)(de)(de)外接(jie)圓直徑(jing)為250mm。在(zai)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺錐孔中嚴密刺進(jin)八方檢(jian)(jian)具的(de)(de)(de)定位心(xin)軸，以確(que)保作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺反(fan)轉基地(di)與八方檢(jian)(jian)具外接(jie)圓基地(di)重合。將(jiang)被檢(jian)(jian)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺固(gu)定于(yu)查驗平(ping)板上(shang)，將(jiang)千(qian)分(fen)(fen)表(biao)底座(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)凸緣靠緊在(zai)查驗平(ping)板上(shang)導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)槽的(de)(de)(de)旁邊面沒(mei)有導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)槽的(de)(de)(de)可用平(ping)尺替代)，使千(qian)分(fen)(fen)表(biao)測頭頂在(zai)八方檢(jian)(jian)具的(de)(de)(de)一邊上(shang)，沿導(dao)向(xiang)(xiang)槽移動(dong)千(qian)分(fen)(fen)表(biao)座(zuo)(zuo)，使千(qian)分(fen)(fen)表(biao)在(zai)兩處的(de)(de)(de)讀數一樣（靠滾動(dong)蝸桿手(shou)柄來調(diao)整）。然后廠家將(jiang)作(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺轉過45°（即(ji)360°/8），千(qian)分(fen)(fen)表(biao)在(zai)另一邊的(de)(de)(de)悉數長度(du)(du)上(shang)檢(jian)(jian)查，順次檢(jian)(jian)查各邊。千(qian)分(fen)(fen)表(biao)在(zai)恣意一邊兩頭讀數的(de)(de)(de)較大差值(zhi)即(ji)是分(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)差錯。

北(bei)京數控(kong)機(ji)床所副總工(gong)程(cheng)師、高(gao)級顧(gu)問(wen)盛(sheng)伯(bo)浩在(zai)接受金屬(shu)加工(gong)在(zai)線記(ji)者采訪時提出了數控(kong)機(ji)床智能(neng)(neng)化下一步的(de)開展方針：專家(jia)(jia)體系(xi)是一個智能(neng)(neng)核(he)(he)算(suan)機(ji)程(cheng)序(xu)體系(xi)，其(qi)內部富含很多的(de)某(mou)個范疇專家(jia)(jia)水平的(de)常識(shi)與經(jing)歷(li)，能(neng)(neng)夠使用人類專家(jia)(jia)的(de)常識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)處(chu)理(li)疑問(wen)的(de)辦法來處(chu)理(li)該(gai)范疇疑問(wen)。也即是說(shuo)，專家(jia)(jia)體系(xi)是一個具(ju)有很多的(de)專門(men)常識(shi)與經(jing)歷(li)的(de)程(cheng)序(xu)體系(xi)，它使用人工(gong)智能(neng)(neng)技術(shu)和(he)(he)(he)核(he)(he)算(suan)機(ji)技術(shu)，根據某(mou)范疇一個或多個專家(jia)(jia)供給的(de)常識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)經(jing)歷(li)，進行推(tui)理(li)和(he)(he)(he)判別，模仿人類專家(jia)(jia)的(de)決策進程(cheng)，以便處(chu)理(li)那(nei)些需(xu)求人類專家(jia)(jia)處(chu)理(li)的(de)復雜疑問(wen)。當(dang)前(qian)，數控(kong)機(ji)床范疇缺少的(de)即是這種專家(jia)(jia)體系(xi)的(de)樹立。

數控機床(chuang)銷售一(yi)是(shi)(shi)加大力(li)度。這一(yi)層次涉及企(qi)業(ye)各方面工(gong)作(zuo)，比(bi)如(ru)強化管理(li)、降(jiang)低成本(ben)、狠抓質(zhi)量(liang)、搶占市(shi)(shi)場(chang)等。這是(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)應對市(shi)(shi)場(chang)普(pu)遍采(cai)取的(de)舉措，也是(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)應對市(shi)(shi)場(chang)危機的(de)本(ben)能反應，相對平時(shi)只是(shi)(shi)加大力(li)度而已。二是(shi)(shi)改變(bian)“打法(fa)”。比(bi)如(ru)寧江(jiang)機床(chuang)下(xia)大氣力(li)致力(li)于建立的(de)“質(zhi)量(liang)責任追溯機制”，在(zai)產(chan)品(pin)出廠前的(de)每個(ge)環節增加監測成本(ben)，以方便追溯。還有(you)昆(kun)明機床(chuang)派技(ji)術人員到用(yong)戶車間專研了數月時(shi)間，包(bao)括沈陽(yang)機床(chuang)深入研究用(yong)戶制造工(gong)藝，并(bing)和(he)用(yong)戶共同(tong)設(she)計生產(chan)線方案。這些(xie)真正保障(zhang)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)從(cong)用(yong)戶工(gong)藝角(jiao)度出發設(she)計生產(chan)線的(de)做法(fa)比(bi)加大力(li)度更(geng)有(you)針對性。三(san)是(shi)(shi)重新(xin)(xin)對企(qi)業(ye)進行戰略定位。在(zai)新(xin)(xin)的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)環境下(xia)，企(qi)業(ye)要重新(xin)(xin)梳理(li)自(zi)己的(de)戰略定位，即企(qi)業(ye)究竟要為哪些(xie)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)服(fu)務，以及怎樣(yang)在(zai)鎖定的(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)中建立自(zi)身獨(du)特(te)的(de)優勢？