編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念，編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)在(zai)(zai)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖紙上所建(jian)(jian)(jian)立起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)，它的(de)(de)(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，它是(shi)用來計算編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)尺(chi)寸基(ji)(ji)點(dian)(dian)(dian)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)要(yao)根據零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖上的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸，位(wei)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)來選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)，一(yi)般盡可(ke)能要(yao)讓編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)與設(she)計基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)重合(he)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了讓機床和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之間建(jian)(jian)(jian)立起(qi)正確(que)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)對加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位(wei)置(zhi)，從(cong)而保證加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)軌(gui)跡的(de)(de)(de)正確(que)性，而在(zai)(zai)機床的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)范(fan)圍內(nei)所建(jian)(jian)(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)，它的(de)(de)(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)機床的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)范(fan)圍內(nei)進行(xing)選(xuan)(xuan)取，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上，夾具(ju)上或靠近(jin)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)夾具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)某一(yi)位(wei)置(zhi)。數控車床廠家零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被定位(wei)和(he)裝夾在(zai)(zai)機床上之后，相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)機床坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)位(wei)置(zhi)應與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)(dian)(dian)重合(he)。因此需要(yao)通過(guo)(guo)對刀的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)段建(jian)(jian)(jian)立工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)即為(wei)(wei)(wei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)，之后通過(guo)(guo)調用并(bing)執行(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)序中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立指令(ling)，比(bi)如(ru)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)偏置(zhi)指令(ling)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立局部坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)指令(ling)等，從(cong)而保證零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)正確(que)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

用(yong)(yong)(yong)精細水平(ping)(ping)轉(zhuan)臺(tai)比(bi)照(zhao)檢(jian)查反(fan)轉(zhuan)作業(ye)臺(tai)分(fen)度(du)差錯雖不及(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)經(jing)(jing)緯儀丈量準確，數控車床(chuang)卻(que)比(bi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)經(jing)(jing)緯儀便利(li)，操作簡略，功率較高(gao)。其辦法：將精細轉(zhuan)臺(tai)置于平(ping)(ping)板上或機床(chuang)作業(ye)臺(tai)上，用(yong)(yong)(yong)水平(ping)(ping)儀檢(jian)查，使轉(zhuan)臺(tai)處(chu)于水平(ping)(ping)狀(zhuang)況。將被檢(jian)的反(fan)轉(zhuan)作業(ye)臺(tai)疊放(fang)在精細轉(zhuan)臺(tai)上，用(yong)(yong)(yong)千分(fen)表(biao)找正(zheng)兩轉(zhuan)臺(tai)作業(ye)面的彼此平(ping)(ping)行度(du)（不平(ping)(ping)行時用(yong)(yong)(yong)墊塊墊平(ping)(ping)），并(bing)使兩轉(zhuan)臺(tai)定位孔反(fan)轉(zhuan)基(ji)地線(xian)重合，用(yong)(yong)(yong)螺釘固定兩個轉(zhuan)臺(tai)連(lian)成一體銷(xiao)售(shou)。

依(yi)據運用和(he)規劃的(de)(de)需求(qiu)，數控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)主軸有各種不(bu)一樣的(de)(de)定(ding)心(xin)(xin)辦法，銷售以(yi)確保工件或刀具在(zai)反轉時處于平穩狀況，因而進口需求(qiu)定(ding)心(xin)(xin)軸頸(jing)的(de)(de)外(wai)表(biao)與(yu)主軸反轉軸線同(tong)軸。檢查同(tong)軸度(du)(du)差錯(cuo)的(de)(de)辦法也即是(shi)丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)其徑(jing)向和(he)斜向圓跳動差錯(cuo)。將千(qian)分表(biao)（丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)精(jing)度(du)(du)需求(qiu)高(gao)時選(xuan)用測微儀）固定(ding)在(zai)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)上，使千(qian)分表(biao)測頭頂(ding)在(zai)主軸定(ding)心(xin)(xin)軸頸(jing)外(wai)表(biao)上（若為錐面(mian)，則測頭筆直于錐面(mian)），旋轉主軸檢查。千(qian)分表(biao)讀(du)數的(de)(de)較大差值，即是(shi)定(ding)心(xin)(xin)軸頸(jing)徑(jing)向和(he)斜向圓跳動差錯(cuo)的(de)(de)數值。其丈(zhang)(zhang)量(liang)方(fang)向是(shi)被(bei)測面(mian)的(de)(de)方(fang)向。

廠(chang)家數控車床(chuang)(chuang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的方法手動(dong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)即為“試切—測(ce)量(liang)—調整”的對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)模式，主要應用(yong)(yong)于單(dan)件(jian)小批量(liang)零件(jian)的生(sheng)(sheng)產中(zhong)(zhong)，且操作方法簡(jian)單(dan)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)精度要求較低；對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)儀對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)適用(yong)(yong)于批量(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)產過程中(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)效率高(gao)，精度高(gao)，主要應用(yong)(yong)于標(biao)準及高(gao)檔(dang)數控機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)中(zhong)(zhong)；ATC對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)由于操縱(zong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)鏡以及對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)過程還是手動(dong)操作，故仍有一(yi)定的對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)誤(wu)差；自(zi)動(dong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)由于是在CNC系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)具備了刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具自(zi)動(dong)檢測(ce)的輔助功能，因(yin)此對(dui)(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)精度高(gao)，一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于高(gao)檔(dang)數控機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)中(zhong)(zhong)。

假(jia)如數控車床車床溜板(ban)的(de)行(xing)程(cheng)小于(yu)3000mm，車床溜板(ban)移動在(zai)(zai)(zai)水平(ping)面內(nei)直線(xian)度(du)差(cha)錯的(de)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)可用(yong)長圓柱(zhu)(zhu)查(cha)(cha)驗棒(bang)(bang)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)前后尖(jian)間，頂緊一根(gen)長圓柱(zhu)(zhu)查(cha)(cha)驗棒(bang)(bang)，將千分表(biao)固定在(zai)(zai)(zai)溜板(ban)上，使千分表(biao)測頭(tou)頂在(zai)(zai)(zai)查(cha)(cha)驗棒(bang)(bang)的(de)側母線(xian)上。調整尾座(zuo)，使千分表(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)查(cha)(cha)驗棒(bang)(bang)兩頭(tou)的(de)讀數持平(ping)。移動溜板(ban)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)溜板(ban)的(de)悉數行(xing)程(cheng)上檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)。千分表(biao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1000mm行(xing)程(cheng)上的(de)讀數較大差(cha)值(zhi)，即是代理(li)直線(xian)度(du)差(cha)錯。

用光學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)作比照(zhao)檢(jian)查時，將一(yi)根(gen)兩頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)帶莫(mo)氏錐(zhui)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)查驗棒(bang)，一(yi)端刺(ci)進(jin)光學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)主軸(zhou)(zhou)錐(zhui)孔(kong)中嚴密(mi)配合，另(ling)一(yi)端嚴密(mi)地刺(ci)進(jin)被(bei)(bei)(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)主軸(zhou)(zhou)錐(zhui)孔(kong)中，使兩個分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)連成一(yi)體。被(bei)(bei)(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)與光學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)主軸(zhou)(zhou)基地不等高時應(ying)調整墊平。脫開(kai)光學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)手搖分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)組織，滾動被(bei)(bei)(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)手柄，北京進(jin)口車床使被(bei)(bei)(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)滾動，一(yi)起經過查驗棒(bang)可股動光學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)滾動。當被(bei)(bei)(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)斷定(ding)在(zai)開(kai)始(shi)方位(wei)時，記(ji)下(xia)光學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)滾動。當被(bei)(bei)(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)斷定(ding)在(zai)開(kai)始(shi)方位(wei)時，記(ji)下(xia)光學(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)開(kai)始(shi)方位(wei)的(de)讀數值。