編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)原(yuan)點(dian)、工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念，編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)在(zai)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖紙上(shang)所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)起來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)原(yuan)點(dian)稱(cheng)為(wei)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)原(yuan)點(dian)，它是(shi)(shi)用來(lai)計(ji)算(suan)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)尺寸基(ji)(ji)點(dian)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)準點(dian)。編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)原(yuan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇要(yao)根據零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸，位置的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)基(ji)(ji)準來(lai)選(xuan)(xuan)擇，一般盡可能要(yao)讓編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)原(yuan)點(dian)與(yu)設計(ji)基(ji)(ji)準重合(he)。工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)中，為(wei)了讓機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)和工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)之間建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)起正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)對加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)位置，從而保證(zheng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)軌(gui)跡的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)(que)性，而在(zai)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)范(fan)圍內所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)原(yuan)點(dian)稱(cheng)為(wei)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)點(dian)。工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)原(yuan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇是(shi)(shi)在(zai)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)范(fan)圍內進(jin)行選(xuan)(xuan)取，可以在(zai)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)，夾具上(shang)或靠近工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)和夾具的(de)(de)(de)(de)某一位置。數控(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)廠家零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)被定位和裝夾在(zai)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)上(shang)之后(hou)，相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程(cheng)原(yuan)點(dian)在(zai)機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置應與(yu)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)原(yuan)點(dian)重合(he)。因此需要(yao)通過對刀的(de)(de)(de)(de)手段建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)即(ji)為(wei)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)，之后(hou)通過調用并執行程(cheng)序中的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)指令，比如零(ling)點(dian)偏置指令，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)局部坐(zuo)(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)(xi)指令等(deng)，從而保證(zheng)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)(que)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。

東北橫(heng)梁(liang)移(yi)動時(shi)(shi)傾斜(xie)(xie)度差錯的(de)(de)檢查(cha)辦(ban)法(fa)，在橫(heng)梁(liang)導軌(gui)的(de)(de)基地方位，平(ping)行(xing)于(yu)橫(heng)梁(liang)放置(zhi)一個(ge)水平(ping)儀。移(yi)動橫(heng)梁(liang)，每隔500mm（或(huo)小于(yu)500mm）記載(zai)一次(ci)讀(du)數(shu)，在橫(heng)梁(liang)悉數(shu)行(xing)程上至少記載(zai)3個(ge)讀(du)數(shu)。在橫(heng)梁(liang)悉數(shu)行(xing)程上檢查(cha)時(shi)(shi)，兩筆直(zhi)刀架（或(huo)銑頭）應移(yi)到橫(heng)梁(liang)上相對稱的(de)(de)方位。而橫(heng)梁(liang)的(de)(de)移(yi)動方向，只能由下(xia)往(wang)上，不(bu)能往(wang)復。這(zhe)種辦(ban)法(fa)多用于(yu)龍門(men)刨床、數(shu)控銑床、立式(shi)車(che)床等橫(heng)梁(liang)移(yi)動時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)傾斜(xie)(xie)度差錯的(de)(de)檢查(cha)。

自(zi)動(dong)(dong)化車床分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)分(fen)度(du)(du)差錯，將(jiang)規范(fan)分(fen)度(du)(du)盤固定在分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)上，要保持(chi)基地(di)重合，讀數顯微鏡(jing)(jing)固定在查驗平(ping)板的(de)支架上。斷(duan)定手柄(bing)的(de)開(kai)始(shi)方位(wei)，使(shi)讀數顯微鏡(jing)(jing)和(he)分(fen)度(du)(du)盤對準零(ling)位(wei)。然后使(shi)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)每轉過90°進行(xing)一(yi)次讀數，并(bing)作好記(ji)載(zai)。用光(guang)學(xue)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)作比照檢(jian)查時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將(jiang)一(yi)根兩頭(tou)(tou)帶莫氏錐(zhui)度(du)(du)的(de)查驗棒(bang)，一(yi)端(duan)刺(ci)進光(guang)學(xue)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)錐(zhui)孔中嚴(yan)密配合，另一(yi)端(duan)嚴(yan)密地(di)刺(ci)進被(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)錐(zhui)孔中，使(shi)兩個分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)連成一(yi)體。被(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)與(yu)光(guang)學(xue)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)基地(di)不等高時(shi)(shi)(shi)應調整墊平(ping)。脫開(kai)光(guang)學(xue)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)手搖分(fen)度(du)(du)組織，滾(gun)動(dong)(dong)被(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)的(de)手柄(bing)，使(shi)被(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)滾(gun)動(dong)(dong)，一(yi)起經過查驗棒(bang)可股(gu)動(dong)(dong)光(guang)學(xue)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)滾(gun)動(dong)(dong)。當被(bei)檢(jian)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)斷(duan)定在開(kai)始(shi)方位(wei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，記(ji)下光(guang)學(xue)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)學(xue)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)滾(gun)動(dong)(dong)。當被(bei)檢(jian)廠(chang)家分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)斷(duan)定在開(kai)始(shi)方位(wei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，記(ji)下光(guang)學(xue)分(fen)度(du)(du)頭(tou)(tou)開(kai)始(shi)方位(wei)的(de)讀數值。

近來(lai)，在第十(shi)四屆我(wo)國國際(ji)機(ji)床(chuang)展新聞發布(bu)會(hui)上，我(wo)國機(ji)床(chuang)東西協會(hui)負責(ze)人直言，2014年(nian)機(ji)床(chuang)東西職業承壓運轉，下行壓力(li)進一(yi)步(bu)加大，上一(yi)年(nian)是(shi)十(shi)幾年(nian)來(lai)職業最難(nan)熬的低(di)谷。數據顯(xian)現，僅2014年(nian)12月(yue)，全職業虧損公(gong)司占比31.9%，其間，金切機(ji)床(chuang)更是(shi)高(gao)達(da)42.7%。機(ji)床(chuang)職業結構(gou)水平低(di)，“高(gao)端(duan)失守(shou)，低(di)端(duan)混戰”，機(ji)床(chuang)銷售是(shi)形成公(gong)司虧損的首要原因。

有條件時亦可使用光(guang)學(xue)平(ping)(ping)直儀(yi)檢查，將(jiang)縱切車床光(guang)學(xue)平(ping)(ping)直儀(yi)置于機床一(yi)端(duan)，反射(she)鏡置于溜板(ban)或作業臺(tai)面(mian)上，在行(xing)程(cheng)的(de)兩(liang)個極(ji)限方位，調整平(ping)(ping)直儀(yi)及反射(she)鏡，使平(ping)(ping)行(xing)光(guang)管的(de)亮十字像同可動(dong)(dong)分劃板(ban)的(de)準線重合。作業臺(tai)每(mei)移動(dong)(dong)500mm，廠家讀(du)數一(yi)次并作好記載，將(jiang)讀(du)數順次擺(bai)放畫出作業臺(tai)的(de)運動(dong)(dong)曲線，再核算1000mm長度上和行(xing)程(cheng)全長上的(de)差錯(cuo)值。