縱切(qie)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)原理對(dui)于沈陽數(shu)控機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)而言，零件(jian)加工(gong)之前(qian)最(zui)關(guan)鍵(jian)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)操作(zuo)就(jiu)是(shi)保證刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具與工(gong)件(jian)加工(gong)位(wei)(wei)置的(de)(de)(de)正確(que)性(xing)，即對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)操作(zuo)。對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)確(que)定對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)點(dian)(或工(gong)件(jian)原點(dian))在機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)坐標系中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)坐標值。而對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)過程(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)將刀(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)(wei)點(dian)與對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)點(dian)重合，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)(wei)點(dian)是(shi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)具上的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)定位(wei)(wei)基(ji)準點(dian)，對(dui)于車刀(dao)(dao)(dao)而言，一般就(jiu)是(shi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)尖；對(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)點(dian)往(wang)往(wang)就(jiu)是(shi)工(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)原點(dian)，只要在機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)加工(gong)允許范(fan)圍內，都可以進行選取。

近(jin)來，在第十(shi)四屆我國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)際機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)展新(xin)聞發(fa)布會上，我國(guo)(guo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)東西協會負責人直(zhi)言，2014年機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)東西職(zhi)業(ye)承壓(ya)運轉，下(xia)行壓(ya)力進一步加(jia)大，上一年是十(shi)幾年來職(zhi)業(ye)最難熬的低(di)谷。數據顯現，僅2014年12月(yue)，全職(zhi)業(ye)虧損公司占比31.9%，其間，金切機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)更是高達42.7%。機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)職(zhi)業(ye)結構水平低(di)，“高端失守，低(di)端混戰(zhan)”，機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)銷售是形(xing)成(cheng)公司虧損的首要原因。

編(bian)(bian)(bian)程原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)，編(bian)(bian)(bian)程坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系是為(wei)了編(bian)(bian)(bian)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要在(zai)(zai)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖紙上所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)稱為(wei)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)，它(ta)是用來計(ji)算(suan)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程尺寸(cun)(cun)基(ji)(ji)點(dian)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)準點(dian)。編(bian)(bian)(bian)程原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)要根據零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖上的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)(cun)，位置的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)基(ji)(ji)準來選擇(ze)(ze)，一(yi)般盡可能(neng)要讓(rang)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)與設(she)計(ji)基(ji)(ji)準重合。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)是在(zai)(zai)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中，為(wei)了讓(rang)機(ji)床和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)之間建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)起(qi)正確的(de)(de)(de)(de)相對加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)位置，從而(er)(er)保證加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)軌跡的(de)(de)(de)(de)正確性，而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)機(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)范圍內(nei)所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)稱為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)是在(zai)(zai)機(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)范圍內(nei)進(jin)行選取，可以在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上，夾具上或靠近工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和夾具的(de)(de)(de)(de)某一(yi)位置。數控車(che)床廠家零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)被定位和裝夾在(zai)(zai)機(ji)床上之后，相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)編(bian)(bian)(bian)程原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)在(zai)(zai)機(ji)床坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系中的(de)(de)(de)(de)位置應與工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)原(yuan)(yuan)點(dian)重合。因此需要通過對刀的(de)(de)(de)(de)手段建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系即為(wei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系，之后通過調用并執(zhi)行程序中的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)指令(ling)，比如零(ling)點(dian)偏置指令(ling)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)局部坐(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)標系指令(ling)等(deng)，從而(er)(er)保證零(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正確加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

東北橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時傾斜(xie)度差錯的檢查辦法(fa)，在(zai)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)導(dao)軌的基(ji)地方(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)，平(ping)(ping)行于橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)放(fang)置一個水平(ping)(ping)儀(yi)。移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)，每隔500mm（或(huo)小于500mm）記(ji)載一次讀數，在(zai)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)悉數行程上(shang)至少記(ji)載3個讀數。在(zai)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)悉數行程上(shang)檢查時，兩筆直刀(dao)架（或(huo)銑頭）應移(yi)到橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)上(shang)相對稱(cheng)的方(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)。而橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)的移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)，只能由下(xia)往上(shang)，不(bu)能往復。這(zhe)種辦法(fa)多用(yong)于龍門刨床(chuang)、數控銑床(chuang)、立式車(che)床(chuang)等橫(heng)(heng)(heng)梁(liang)(liang)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時的傾斜(xie)度差錯的檢查。

天津，沈(shen)陽(yang)機(ji)(ji)床龍門(men)刨床、龍門(men)銑床、臥式銑鏜(tang)床等沈(shen)陽(yang)機(ji)(ji)床作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺行(xing)程(cheng)大于(yu)(yu)2000mm，進(jin)口臥式車床、絲杠車床等溜板行(xing)程(cheng)大于(yu)(yu)3000mm時，因(yin)為(wei)2000mm以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)平尺易于(yu)(yu)變形，并且2000mm以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)查(cha)(cha)驗棒在制造上(shang)(shang)也有許(xu)多艱難，故應(ying)選(xuan)用鋼(gang)絲和顯微鏡等工具進(jin)行(xing)檢查(cha)(cha)。其檢查(cha)(cha)辦法與導軌(gui)(gui)直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)度(du)差錯(cuo)(cuo)的(de)(de)檢查(cha)(cha)辦法一樣(yang)，可參見(jian)拉鋼(gang)絲檢查(cha)(cha)導軌(gui)(gui)在水(shui)平面(mian)內(nei)直(zhi)(zhi)線(xian)度(du)差錯(cuo)(cuo)的(de)(de)檢查(cha)(cha)辦法。有條(tiao)件(jian)時亦可使用光學(xue)平直(zhi)(zhi)儀檢查(cha)(cha)，將光學(xue)平直(zhi)(zhi)儀置于(yu)(yu)機(ji)(ji)床一端，反(fan)射鏡置于(yu)(yu)溜板或作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺面(mian)上(shang)(shang)，在行(xing)程(cheng)的(de)(de)兩個(ge)極(ji)限方位，調整平直(zhi)(zhi)儀及反(fan)射鏡，使平行(xing)光管的(de)(de)亮十字像同可動分劃板的(de)(de)準線(xian)重(zhong)合。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺每移動500mm，讀(du)數(shu)一次并作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)好記載，將讀(du)數(shu)順(shun)次擺放畫出作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)臺的(de)(de)運動曲線(xian)，再(zai)核算(suan)1000mm長度(du)上(shang)(shang)和行(xing)程(cheng)全長上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)差錯(cuo)(cuo)值。

數(shu)控機床(chuang)銷售一是加大(da)力(li)度。這一層次涉及企(qi)(qi)業各(ge)方面(mian)工(gong)作，比如(ru)強化管(guan)理(li)(li)、降低成本、狠抓質量(liang)、搶占市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)等。這是企(qi)(qi)業應(ying)(ying)對(dui)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)普遍(bian)采取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)舉措，也是企(qi)(qi)業應(ying)(ying)對(dui)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)危機的(de)(de)(de)本能反(fan)應(ying)(ying)，相對(dui)平時(shi)只是加大(da)力(li)度而(er)已。二是改變(bian)“打法(fa)”。比如(ru)寧江機床(chuang)下大(da)氣力(li)致力(li)于建立的(de)(de)(de)“質量(liang)責任(ren)追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)機制”，在(zai)產品出廠前的(de)(de)(de)每個環節增加監(jian)測成本，以方便追(zhui)(zhui)溯(su)。還有昆明機床(chuang)派技術人(ren)員(yuan)到用(yong)戶(hu)車間(jian)專研(yan)了數(shu)月時(shi)間(jian)，包(bao)括沈陽機床(chuang)深(shen)入研(yan)究(jiu)用(yong)戶(hu)制造工(gong)藝，并和用(yong)戶(hu)共同設(she)計(ji)生產線(xian)(xian)方案。這些真正(zheng)保(bao)障產品質量(liang)和從用(yong)戶(hu)工(gong)藝角度出發設(she)計(ji)生產線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)比加大(da)力(li)度更(geng)有針(zhen)對(dui)性。三是重新(xin)(xin)對(dui)企(qi)(qi)業進行戰(zhan)略定位。在(zai)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)環境(jing)下，企(qi)(qi)業要(yao)重新(xin)(xin)梳理(li)(li)自己的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略定位，即(ji)企(qi)(qi)業究(jiu)竟要(yao)為哪些市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)服務，以及怎(zen)樣在(zai)鎖定的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中建立自身獨特的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)？